This study was exempt from institutional review board approval because the data used in this secondary analysis are de-identified and publicly available.
Lian Q, Yu C, Tu X, Deng M, Wang T, Su Q, et al. (2021) Grade repetition and bullying victimization in adolescents: A global cross-sectional study of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) data from 2018. PLoS Med 18(11): e1003846. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003846
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