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These findings must be interpreted in light of several limitations

2022年6月16日 945点热度 0人点赞 0条评论

These findings must be interpreted in light of several limitations. First, the cross-sectional nature of these data precludes statements about causality or temporality in the relationship between social environmental factors and latent class membership. Second, all data were assessed by adolescent self-report and are thus subject to social desirability bias, although the use of computer-assisted self-interview in many of the countries may have helped to mitigate this issue [39]. Third, with the exception of childhood adversity and neighborhood cohesion, the measurement of risk and protective factors relied on single dichotomized items rather than validated scales. It is possible that this measurement limitation led to spurious conclusions about the role of certain factors. For instance, while we found that peer socialization acted as a risk rather than a protective factor in several countries, given its operationalization as time spent with friends outside of school, it is plausible that this covariate captured unsupervised social activities rather than peer connectedness. Indeed, prior research among youth in the United States has found correlations between increased peer activity in the evening and a range of behavioral problems [18]. Finally, it has been suggested that multiple imputation may be inappropriate in a latent class analytic framework due to the theoretical incompatibility between multiple imputation, which assumes a single underlying population, and LCA, which assumes multiple latent subgroups within a population [40].

These limitations notwithstanding, the current study has several important strengths, such as its inclusion of early adolescents from four LMICs, its use of a person-centered analytic approach to examine co-occurring psychosocial challenges, and its simultaneous examination of risk and protective factors across multiple social environmental domains. Across countries, we found a number of factors which were consistently and robustly associated with emotional and behavioral problems, including childhood adversity, peer bullying behaviors, and a perceived lack of school safety. This consistency is suggestive of the generalizability of risk factors in early adolescence, and indicates that interventions targeting psychosocial adjustment among this age group may have applicability in diverse cross-national settings. In addition, the patterns of association across latent classes point to especially heightened vulnerability among a subgroup of adolescents with co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems. Given resource limitations in many LMICs, this information can be used to guide decision-making around which adolescent populations to prioritize through interventions.

 

Shoshanna L. Fine, Rashelle J. Musci, Judith K. Bass, Effie Chipeta, Eric M. Mafuta, Anggriyani W. Pinandari, Siswanto A. Wilopo, Xiayun Zuo, Robert W. Blum,
A Multi-Country Study of Risk and Protective Factors for Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Early Adolescents, Journal of Adolescent Health,2022,ISSN 1054-139X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.002.

 

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最后更新:2022年6月16日

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Analysis began August 2020 and ended May 2021. This study was exempt from institutional review board approval Student consent was assumed with the completion of the questionnaire. approval from an Institutional Review Board was not necessary These findings must be interpreted in light of several limitations This indicated there was no requirement for proceeding to a full formal ethics and data protection review by the Usher Research Ethics Group. The aim of this study was twofold. The data analysis had been planned in advance of the data gathering We checked the robustness of our findings This study is not without limitations. The IRB at the University of Massachusetts Medical School reviewed the protocol and exempted it from the full committee review We are aware of only a few previous studies on this topic Our study has some limitations. We excluded those with missing data for the primary exposure This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline for cross-sectional studies.

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