Ethical approval was not sought as the data were already publicly available online. No subjects were further involved, and no patient identifiable data were obtained. There was also no funding source for this project. Cite this article as: Cattermole GN, Graha…

We checked the robustness of our findings, first by substituting the GSNI for the GII in our regression analysis (Table A5). GII and GSNI values were highly correlated (Figure A3) and, as expected, these regressions produced results very similar to those shown…

The aim of this study was twofold. First, to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors. Second, to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. 出处：Gender Differences in B…

This systematic review and meta-analysis includes previously published observational studies. We could not influence the design of the prior studies upon which this work is based and cannot comment on individual ethics approval or consent. Patients were not in…

Ethics committee approval The study was sponsored by the University of Edinburgh (reference AC20095). Prior to commencement, the research was subject to the Usher Institute (University of Edinburgh) ethics and data protection oversight process. The ethics and …

Statistical methods The data were analyzed using R version 4.0.2. No overall prospective analysis plan was used. Demographic characteristics were derived for the cohort and each Apgar score group (low, intermediate, normal), with frequencies and percentages re…

We used R version 3.6.1 (https://www.rstudio.org) to analyse the data, and 2-tailed p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Complete case analyses were used.   Citation: Ismail S, Odland ML, Malik A, Weldegiorgis M, Newbigging K, Ped…

Study approval was received from Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the primary research institution in each participating country as well as the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health IRB. Detailed country-specific study procedures for the GEAS ha…

These findings must be interpreted in light of several limitations. First, the cross-sectional nature of these data precludes statements about causality or temporality in the relationship between social environmental factors and latent class membership. Second…

We excluded those with missing data for the primary exposure (ethnicity) and outcome of interest (SARS-CoV-2 infection) from all analyses. Multiple imputation by chained equations was used to impute missing data in these logistic regression models. The imputat…